The word conjunction means to join together. In astrology is describes a situation where two planets are close together in the
sky. For example, if the planet Venus is at 10 degrees of Taurus and Mercury is at 8 degrees of Taurus we can say that they are close together, and thus conjunct. The conjunction blends the energy of the two planets involved, much like two candles- when you move them closer together you can’t distinguish which is producing the light- the energy is blended.
The conjunction is a type of aspect in astrology. Aspects are the angles the planets form with one another from their place within the wheel of the natal chart (360 degrees). If there are no degrees (or very few) between the planets, like Venus and Mercury in our example above, the aspect is a conjunction.
The effect of a conjunction is dependent on the planets involved. Since the aspect blends it can also amplify. For example, Jupiter conjunct the Sun could mean someone who has a big (Jupiter) sense of himself (Sun). That may come across as jovial, fun, and adventurous; or it could manifest as arrogant, self-aggrandizing, or hedonistic (these are two extremes of this combination- most likely the manifestation will be somewhere in the middle of these two).
The conjunction also brings the two planets (drives/needs) into cooperation. While one planet might conspire to be heard, when they team up they can become difficult to ignore, especially when it is a strong energy, like that of Mars or Pluto. Additionally there could be additional aspects or other planets influencing the conjunction itself, which would influence the overall expression of it as well.